سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — فهم التفاصيل (تدريب 5287)

(1) By the early 1800s, reformers persuaded many governments to set up public schools and require basic education for all children. Teaching «the three Rs» – reading, writing and arithmetic – was thought to produce better citizens. In addition, industrialized societies recognized the need for a literate workforce. Schools taught punctuality, obedience to authority. disciplined work habits, and patriotism. In European schools. children also received basic religious education (2) At first, elementary schools were primitive. Many teachers had little schooling themselves. In rural areas, students attended schools only during the times when they were not needed on the farm or in their parents’ shops. (3) By the late 1880s, more and more children were in school, and the quality of elementary education improved. Teachers received training at Normal here the latest ‘norms and standards’ of educational practices were taught. Beginning in 1879, schools to train teachers were established in France. In England, schooling girls and boys between the ages of five and ten became compulsory after 1881. Also, governments began to expand secondary schools, known as high schools in the United States. In secondary school, students learned the classical languages Latin and Greek, along with history and mathematics. (4) In general, only middle-class families could afford to have their sons attend these schools, which trained students for more serious study or for government jobs. Middle-class girls were sent to school primarily in the hope that they might marry well and become better wives and mothers. Education for girls did not include subjects such as science, mathematics. Or physical education because they were not seen as necessary subjects for girls to learn. Higher Education Expands (5) Colleges and universities expanded in this period, too. Most university students were the sons of middle-or upper-class families. The university curriculum emphasized ancient history and languages, philosophy, religion and law. By the late 1800s, universities added courses in the sciences, especially in chemistry and physics at the same time, engineering schools trained students who would have the knowledge and skills to build the new industrial society. (6) Some women sought greater educational opportunities. By the 1840s, a few small colleges for women opened, including Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke in the United States. In 1863, the British reformer Emily Davies campaigned for female students to be allowed to take the entrance examinations for Cambridge University. She succeeded, but as late as 1897, male Cambridge students rioted against granting degrees to women.