سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — الفكرة الرئيسية (تدريب 5288)

(1) The origins and development of laws and legal systems are for the most part based on the actions of government and religion. In many societies, governments and religion are largely intertwined and their laws reflect this. Because of differences in beliefs and values, laws vary widely from one society to another. However, historically only two major types of legal systems developed, civil law systems and common law. The term civil law as used to describe a legal system refers to a system based primarily on written constitutions and written laws or codes. In such legal systems, a ruler of legislative body creates an extensive set of rules or regulations to govern. The role of courts in such systems is limited. Common law systems, on the other hand, are based on precedent or case law. (2) Civil law jurisdictions, the more common in the world today, date back thousands of years. One of the most famous examples was the Babylonian Empire, a society ruled by a law known as the code of Hammurabi. The code was named after the ruler of the time and dates back to approximately 1760 BCE. (3) Common law systems are those based on the concept of precedent. In this type of system, laws originate from decisions of courts rather than legislative bodies. Originally. decisions were based on tradition and custom. but eventually decisions were based on precedent. Precedent requires courts to follow decisions of earlier courts. Common law originated with Medieval England and is found in many countries once occupied by Great Britain.