سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — الفكرة الرئيسية (تدريب 5531)

(1) In 1927. Stalin’s main aim for his country, Russia, was to modernize its industry. His 5-year plans set ambitious targets for important heavy industries such as coal, iron, oil, and electricity. (2) However, there was a human cost to achieving the tares set in the 5-year plans. This cost was paid by the workers. Many foreign experts and engineers were called in by Stalin to help with work and in their letters and reports they are amazed by at the toughness of the Russian people and how hard they worked. The most famous worker was Alexei Stakhanov. In 1935, with two helpers, he managed to cut 102 tons of coal in one day’s work. This was fourteen times the average. Stakhanov became a hero of the country, and the government newspapers and radio encouraged all Russian workers to be like him. (3) Life was very difficult under Stalin. Workers had targets to meet and were punished if they did not meet them. Factory discipline was strict, and punishments were hard Workers who were late or absent would lose their jobs and sometimes their flat or house as well. On the great engineering projects, such as dams and canals, worker conditions were very poor and there were many accidents and deaths. It is estimated that 100,000 workers died in the construction of the Belomor canal.