سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — فهم التفاصيل (تدريب 6219)

(1) As minerals and other resources become scarcer, they also become more expensive. It then pays to use them more than once. The recycling of materials may also reduce the amount of energy used in manufacturing. In turn, this helps to conserve fuels and reduce pollution. (2) For example, producing aluminum alloys from scrap uses only 5% of the energy that would be needed to make them from aluminum ores. In 2000, Europe recycled 64.396 of the aluminum in waste. Germany and Finland do really well, partly because they have a deposit scheme on cans: they recycle between 95 and 96% of their aluminum waste. (3) About 60% of the lead used in Britain is recycled. This seems quite good until you realise that it also means that 40 of this poisonous substance enters the environment. (4) Manufacturing glass bottles uses about three times more energy than if they were collected, sorted, cleaned and reused. Recycling the glass from bottles does not save energy but does reduce the demand for sand used in glass manicure. In 2007, 57% of glass containers were recycled in Britain. (5) Polythene waste is now also recycled. The plastic is used to make items such as car seat covers, sports shoes, hi-tech headphones and even bridges. (6) Waste paper can be pulped and used again, mainly for making paper and cardboard. Newspapers are de-inked and used again for newsprint. One ton of waste paper is equal to perhaps 17 trees (Paper is made from wood-pp.) So collecting waste paper may help to cut a country’s import bill for timber and spare a few more hectares of this from the spread of commercial forestry. Why is Finland and Germany’s recycling program successful?