سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — فهم التفاصيل (تدريب 7081)

(1) Asteroids are very small, irregularly shaped, rocky bodies. Asteroids orbit the sun, but they are more like giant rocks than planets. Since they are small, they do not have enough gravity to become round. They are too small to have an atmosphere. Except for a few of the largest asteroids, they are too small to have internal heat, so they are not geologically active. These asteroids can only change due to a collision. A collision may cause the asteroid to break up. It may create craters on the asteroid’s surface. An asteroid may strike a planet if it comes near enough to be pulled in by its gravity. (2) Hundreds of thousands of asteroids have been found in our solar system. They are now being discovered at a rate of tens of thousands of new asteroids per year! The majority are located in between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region is called the asteroid belt. There are many thousands of asteroids in the asteroid belt. Still, their total mass adds up to only about 4 percent of Earth’s moon. Asteroids formed at the same time as the rest of the solar system. Although there are many in the asteroid belt, Jupiter’s gravity kept the material in this region from forming into a planet, throwing much of it either out of the solar system or into the sun. Near-Earth Asteroids (3) Near-Earth Asteroids have orbits that come near to or cross Earth’s orbit. This means that they could possibly collide with Earth. There are over 10.000 known near-Earth asteroids. Small asteroids do sometimes collide with Earth. An asteroid about 5-10 m in diameter hits about once per year. About a thousand of the known near-Earth asteroids are much bigger. They are over 1 kilometer in diameter. When large asteroids hit Earth in the past, many organisms died. At times, many species became extinct. Astronomers keep looking for near-Earth asteroids. They hope to predict a possible collision early so they can try to stop it. Meteors (4)If you look at the sky on a dark night, you may see a meteor, like in the figure below. A meteor forms a streak of light across the sky. People call them shooting stars because that’s what they look like. But meteors are not stars at all. The light you see comes from a small piece of matter burning up as it flies through Earth’s atmosphere. Meteoroids (5)Before these small pieces of matter enter Earth’s atmosphere, they are called meteoroids. Meteoroids are as large as boulders or as small as tiny sand grains. Larger objects are called asteroids; smaller objects are interplanetary dust. Meteoroids sometimes cluster together in long trails. They are the debris left behind by comets, when Earth passes through a comet trail, there is a meteor shower. During a meteor shower, there are many more meteors than normal for a night or two. How many asteroids have been found in our solar system?