سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — فهم التفاصيل (تدريب 7107)

Passage A: What is a computer? (1) All computer systems, no matter which size, can be divided into four basic elements that perform certain tasks. 1- INPUT – Methods of getting instructions and data into the computer. 2- PROCESS – the central processing unit (CPU) processes data according to instructions. Actions include arithmetic operations, comparison, data transfer. Main memory is used to store temporary data and software in current use, and is also involved in running the software. 3- STORE – Ways to file data for future use onto what is known as ‘backing store’. 4- OUTPUT – Methods to produce information that is going out. (2) A computer system is a series of devices which are capable of doing 1-4 above. Altogether this equipment is called hardware. Devices other than the computer itself are called peripheral (external devices). Computers carry out instructions – a set of which is called a program which will be written in a computer language. A program controls the computer by telling the computer’s control unit what to do. Software is the general term to describe all the programs and data used in a computer system. Interface is the hardware and linked software needed between processors and peripherals to make up for the differences in their operating speeds and codes. Passage B: CPU and Memory (1) The performance of the CPU is affected by the number of cores, clock speed and memory. There are different types of volatile and non-volatile memory. (2) Computers work with data, and the equipment enabling this is called hardware. Computers require input hardware, processing hardware and output hardware. The hardware that defines a computer is the CPU and memory. Without these a computer could not function. (3) The CPU and memory work together to run programs. The CPU executes programs using the fetch-decode-execute cycle. The memory stores program operations and data while a program is being executed. There are several types of memory, including: registers, cache, RAM and virtual memory. The storage stores programs and file long term, even when they are not in use. Devices such as hard drives, USB memory sticks or SD cards are used to store files such as photos, music and software applications long term. (4) Most computers have a CPU and a separate graphics processing unit (GPU) for images. The (GPU) can be What do passages A and B say about the CPU?