سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — فهم التفاصيل (تدريب 7928)

Passage A: Environmental Causes of Obesity 1) Genetic factors are the forces inside you that cause you to gain weight and stay overweight. On the other hand, environmental factors are the outside forces that contribute to these problems. They include anything in our environment that makes us more likely to eat too much or exercise too little. Taken together, experts think that environmental factors are the driving force for the causes of obesity and its dramatic rise. 2) Environmental influences come into play very early in life, even before we are born. Researchers believe that the environment surrounding babies before they are born determines how they will develop later on in life. For example, babies of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are more likely to become overweight or develop a disease than those whose mothers did not smoke. 3) Childhood habits often stick with people for the rest of their lives. Kids who drink sodas and other drinks that contain sugar and eat high calorie foods develop a taste! for these products and continue eating them as adults, these behaviors tend to promote weight gain. Similarly, kids who watch television and play video games instead of being active may be programming themselves for a sedentary future, which involves sitting down a lot rather than moving around. 4) In short, today's environment promotes obesity by encouraging us to eat more and exercise less. There is also growing evidence that broader aspects of the way we live such as how much we sleep, our stress levels, and other psychological factors can affect weight as well. Passage B: The Food Factor in Obesity 1) Today, Americans are eating more calories on average than they did in the 1970s. Experts believe that what is driving this trend is a combination of the increased availability and bigger portions of higher calorie foods. 2) Food is readily available practically everywhere we go -shopping centers, sports stadiums, movie theaters. Today more Americans are eating outside the home. For example, in 1970. Americans spent 27% of their food budget on food they are outside the home; by 2006, that percentage had risen to 46%. 3) In the 1950s, fast-food restaurants offered one portion size. Today, portion sizes have suddenly increased, a trend that has spread in many other types of food, from cookies to sandwiches. For example, a single "supersized" meal may contain 1,500- 2000 calories, which are equal to all the calories that most people need for an entire day. 4) This is important because research shows that people will often eat what is in front of them, even if they are already full. We are also eating more high calorie foods (especially salty snacks, soft drinks, and pizza), which are much more readily available than lower calorie choices, like salads and whole fruits. Research also shows that what children eat when they are younger will affect what they will eat as they grow older. Children who eat fast-food are likely to continue to eat this type A of food later on life, which would cause them many health problems. Doctors are now encouraging parents to help their children to develop healthy eating habits from a younger age in order to avoid any future health complications.