سؤال قراءة ستيب محلول — فهم التفاصيل (تدريب 7308)

Passage A (1) Around 370 CE, tribes of Huns took over much of Western Europe by entering lands along the Black Sea and conquering the various tribes they came across. (2) The origins of the Huns remains a mystery, in part due to their lack of a written history. Some scholars think they came from the Xiongnu people, a group of nomads, who travel from one place to another, who lived in Asia near what is now Kazakhstan. (3) As the Huns moved along the Black Sea, they attacked those in their path. They invaded the tribes on the borders of the Roman Empire, including the V andals, Visigoths, Goths, and other groups. These tribes fled toward Rome. These migrations destabilized the Roman Empire because many people tried to escape to Rome for safety. These attacks also helped to create a violent reputation for the Huns. (4) Their most infamous leader, Attila the Hum, strengthened that perception of violence. Between 440 and 453 C E, he led the Huns on attacks throughout much of Europe and reached all the way to France. Along the way, he attacked all tribes and villages in his path, spreading terror whenever the Huns entered new territory. (5) Nonetheless, his people’s violent reputation lasted over the years and they were widely associated with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE. However, modern historians believe that the Huns played a less direct role in the collapse of the empire by the instability they created in the region. Passage B (1) In 376 CE, the great European power of the time, the Roman Empire, suddenly faced attacks from various so-called barbarian tribes, such as the Sarmatians and the Goths. These tribes were forced westward into Roman territory as a result of the arrival of the Huns from Central Asia. (2) The exact origins of the Huns are under dispute, but it is likely that they were originally a branch of the Xiongnu, a nomadic people, tribes that do not live in one location, in Central Asia near modern day Kazakhstan. (3) The Huns moved right into the heart of Europe rather than remaining on its eastern borders. The Huns did not appear one day and throw Europe into chaos. They moved gradually westward and were noted first in Roman records as a new presence somewhere beyond Persia. (4) Around 370 CE, some Hun tribes moved north and west, pressing into the lands above the Black Sea. Their arrival set off a chain of violent attacks as they raided various tribes, such as the Alans, the Ostrogoths, the Vandals, and others. Refugees from these attacks escaped south and west into the Roman Empire’s territory. (5) The Hun leader, Attila the Hun unified his people and ruled from 434 to 453 CE. Under him, the Huns attacked France and fought the Romans and their Visigoth allies. However, Attila did not achieve any lasting tentorial expansion and never conquered Rome. Many historians today agree that although the Huns certainly helped bring down the Roman Empire, most of that effect was due to the migrations prior to Attila’s reign. According to Passage A and B, where did the Huns come from?